Do Multivitamins Actually Work? Experts Weigh the Risks and Myths

Multivitamins are a popular supplement in the US, with over half of Americans taking them regularly. These products combine various vitamins and minerals, but their contents can differ widely as there is no fixed formula. Experts advise caution before starting any new supplement regimen. A typical multivitamin includes nutrients like calcium, folate, iron, magnesium, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and zinc. However, the exact ingredients can vary between brands and products.

Research suggests that multivitamins may not offer the health benefits many assume. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found no clear evidence that they prevent cancer or cardiovascular disease. For men, studies show no reduction in common cancers or cancer-related deaths. For women, some research even links multivitamin use to a higher risk of early death.

Certain supplements, such as calcium, may pose risks. In some individuals, calcium supplements have been associated with an increased chance of heart attack. Due to these concerns, health professionals recommend consulting a doctor before taking multivitamins. This is especially important for those who are malnourished, have a nutritional deficiency, or live with specific medical conditions. While multivitamins remain widely used, their effectiveness and safety depend on individual health needs. Medical advice can help determine whether they are necessary and which type may be suitable. Without clear evidence of broad health benefits, a doctor’s guidance remains the best approach.