Early Brain Dysfunction Linked to Higher Psychosis Risk in Rare Genetic Disorder

New research has uncovered early signs of brain dysfunction that may increase the risk of psychosis. The findings focus on the glymphatic system, which clears waste from the brain. Scientists believe problems in this system, combined with genetic factors, could explain why some people develop psychotic disorders later in life.

The study examined individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a rare genetic condition. This disorder is known to raise the risk of psychosis by 30 to 40 percent. Over the past decade, research has shown that about a quarter to a third of those with the syndrome eventually experience psychotic symptoms, prompting closer psychiatric monitoring.

The glymphatic system, which removes metabolic waste from the brain, appears to malfunction in these individuals from childhood. Unlike in healthy brains, this system does not improve with age in those who later develop psychosis. The resulting buildup of waste may trigger inflammation and damage neurons, further increasing vulnerability. Previous studies on 22q11.2 deletion syndrome have already linked it to dopamine imbalances, white matter abnormalities, and reduced brain volume. Now, these new findings suggest that biological changes long before symptoms appear may set the stage for later psychiatric issues.

The research highlights that psychosis risk may begin early in life, driven by a mix of genetic and biological factors. Impaired glymphatic function, present from childhood, could serve as an early warning sign. This discovery may lead to better screening and interventions for those at high risk.