MASLD Replaces NAFLD as the Leading Chronic Liver Disease Globally

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD, is now the most common chronic liver condition. In 2023, experts renamed it from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to better reflect its causes and reduce stigma. The condition affects roughly one in three people globally, with estimates suggesting around 1.2 billion cases last year.

MASLD occurs when excess fat builds up in the liver due to metabolic issues. Unlike alcohol-associated liver disease, it is not caused by drinking. Many people show no symptoms, but when they do, fatigue and abdominal pain are most common.

If untreated, MASLD can worsen into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). At this stage, the liver becomes inflamed and damaged. However, early detection and treatment can stop progression and sometimes even reverse the condition.

The name change in 2023 followed an international expert consensus. They aimed to shift focus towards metabolic dysfunction and reduce the stigma linked to the old term. The update also highlights the role of fat accumulation, known as steatosis, in the disease.

With about 1.2 billion people affected worldwide, MASLD remains a major health concern. Early diagnosis and intervention offer the best chance to prevent serious liver damage. The updated name and clearer definition help improve awareness and reduce misunderstandings about the disease.